요약
- 20A(American Porter) 영국 버전보다 쓰고, 도수가 높고, 드라이함
- 20B(American Stout) 다크 몰트와 홉 때문에 포터보다 세고 강렬함
- 20C(Russian Imperial Stout) 스타우트보다 도수가 높고, 맛이 복잡함. 러시아 궁정용 수출품이었다가 대륙봉쇄령 이후로 영국 국내에도 널리 팔림.
20A. American Porter
Aroma
- malt aroma: medium-light to medium-strong
- hop aroma: low to high
- esters moderate to none
Appearance
- medium brown~very dark brown
- full tan colored head with moderately good retention
Flavor
- malt flavor: moderately strong, lightly burnt malt character
- (dark roasted grains)should not overly acrid, burnt or harsh
- hop flavor: low to high
- hop bitterness: medium to high
- fruity esters moderate to none
Mouthfeel
- medium to medium-full body
- moderately low to moderately high carbonation
Style comparison
- w/ English porter: more bitter, often stronger, more dark malt quantities, dryness
- w/ American stout: less strong and assertive
20B. American Stout
Aroma
- malt aroma: moderate to strong aroma of roasted malts
- hop aroma: medium to very low
- medium to low esters
Appearance
- generally jet black
- large, persistent head of light tan to light brown color
Flavor
- malt flavor: moderate to very high roasted malt flavors
- low to medium malt sweetness
- hop flavor: low to high
- hop bitterness: medium to high
- alcohol flavors can be present up to medium levels, but smooth
Mouthfeel
- medium to full body
- medium to high carbonation
- roast-derived astringency, but should not be excessive
Style comparison
- w/ Extra or Export stout: a hoppy, bitter, strongly roasted Extra stout
- w/ black IPA: much more roast and body
- w/ Russian imperial stout: bigger, stronger belongs to Russian imperial stout
- w/ porter: stronger, more assertive, particularly in the dark malt and hop additions
20C. Imperial Stout
Aroma
- malt aroma: subtle to rich and barleywine-like
- roasted character can be light to moderately strong
- hop aroma: low to quite aggressive
- fruity esters low to moderately strong
- alcohol character may be present, but should not be sharp, hot or solventy
- (aged version)vinous or port-like quality, but shouldn't be sour
Appearance
- dark reddish brown~jet black
- deep tan to dark brown head, head retention may be low to moderate
- high alcohol and viscosity may be visible in 'legs'
Flavor
- malt flavor: medium to aggressively-high roasted malt
- hop flavor: medium-low to high
- hop bitterness: medium to aggressively-high
Mouthfeel
- full to very-full bodied and chewy
- low to moderate carbonation
- gentle smooth warmth from alcohol
Style comparison
- w/ barleywine: like a black barleywine
- w/ stout: more complex, with a broader range of possible flavors, higher gravity
History
in the 1700s, it's said to be popular with the Russian Imperial Court. After the Napoleonic wars interrupted trade, these beers were increasingly sold in England.
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